The New Electrophysics and DC Power Transformers

Fuel-Free Energy

Author: Dmitry Motovilov
Series: The New Knowledge — Book I-b
Edition: Hand-typed manuscript № 1a 202, version “SC”, 2002, Penza

Copyright

© Dmitry Motovilov 1971
All rights reserved under the laws of the Russian Federation “On Copyright and Related Rights” (09.07.93 № 110-FZ, Articles 48–49), the RSFSR Code of Administrative Offenses (Art. 154), and Criminal Code Art. 146, as well as corresponding international regulations.

Reproduction or distribution of this work is permitted only with the author’s written consent.
Authentic copies exist solely as named or jubilee issues personally numbered and signed by the author.

For inquiries or orders:
440046 Penza, P.O. Box 220
Email → Motovilov@sura.ru / Motovilov@rambler.ru

Biographical Note

Dmitry Nikolayevich Motovilov
graduated in 1971 from the Penza Polytechnic Institute’s branch “Plant-VTUZ”, defending with honors a thesis on Research and Development of New Principles of Optimal Control. That work first formulated a concept of general laws of development and design of living and technogenic systems, based on knowledge of technogens and energy-informatics.

In 1989 he completed post-graduate studies at the All-Union Electrotechnical Institute (VEI). His dissertation built upon the 1971 foundations to resolve questions of a unified calculus of information-energy and technogenetics as the synergetics of Kron–Prigogine, and to complete the unfinished bases of the Faraday-Maxwell electromagnetic-field theory.
He developed the theory of DC power transformers, patented as a fundamentally new class of electrical machines discovered through technogenetic methods.

In 1989 his report theses were published in Tokyo at the international symposium YRSI under Prof. H. Kikuchi (Tokyo University), announcing the discovery of a second type of electromagnetic field and the completion of the classical foundations of electrical theory.

In 1996 an independent international jury in Geneva awarded his cycle of electrotechnical works a silver medal, while VEI (the head enterprise of the Ministry of Electrotechnical Industry) received a bronze one in the same category.

These works form the basis of the present book.

“In my homeland these studies remain little known because of excessive scientific monism and conservatism.”

Motovilov worked as engineer and senior researcher in Penza enterprises and institutes, served as a signal-unit commander in the armed forces, and later headed various technical and scientific associations. He was also active in archaeology, history, and folk arts.

Acknowledgements

The author expresses his gratitude to:

Kazimir Gorsky, representative of Rohde & Schwarz
Prof. H. Kikuchi, head of URSI Symposium in Tokyo
Alexander Shulman, senior researcher of Penza Polytechnic Institute

for their support in earlier years in promoting the ideas of this book amid complex scientific and political conditions.

Penza, December 4, 2001

Annotation

This work presents the completed theory of electricity within the Faraday–Maxwell paradigm, extending to the laws of electrical engineering and the concept of energy-flow motion of the second type of electromagnetic field (EMF-II). It formulates the laws of its radiation and proves a set of new fundamental theorems in EM physics. Experimental results are given for DC power transformers utilizing the specific properties of EMF-II, along with a business-plan concept for their production and excerpts from official test reports.

For the first time, the scientific foundations of fuel-free electric generators are presented. Supplementary sections include autobiographical, literary, and historical-prognostic essays, photographs of the DC transformers, oscillograms, and published materials of the author.

Reader List (sample)

V. L. Tonoevsky — Zheleznovodsk
R. V. Rafalsky — Ruza
V. N. Zemsky — Moscow

Preamble

“I believe that new knowledge will enable humanity to regain its rightful place in the world—free from coercion and the suffering of a civilization on trial. It will allow us to abandon the burning of any ‘fuel’ and to provide each person with fuel-free personal energy. The era of Gazprom, thermal plants, smoky cars, and new Chernobyls will pass; deserted villages and overcrowded cities will give way to a balanced Earth. Around our planet circulate super-powerful currents of a new energy, caused by its fractal electric charge and magnetic field, sustained by the entire Universe itself — a living ocean of information-energy, the habitat of planetary mind linked with each of us. In the realm of Thought, within every moment of multidimensional time, countless lives arise, develop, and transform — vastly different from ours, yet inseparably connected.” (From the author’s biographical essay.)

Historical Background of the Theory

“Enlightenment has gathered in one corner into which most educated people never glance.”
— M. A. Dmitriev, Moscow Elegies (1854)

By 1985 I was driven to develop a new conceptual foundation for the theory of electricity and energy-dynamics (the theory of energy flows) by irreconcilable contradictions within classical science. The discussions of voltage and EMF signs and of power flows in electrical machines revealed deep inconsistencies that, as one engineer wrote, “would require a re-writing of all our textbooks.” Classical physics allowed mutually opposite interpretations of technical phenomena, causing endless disputes among practitioners. Implicitly they awaited a “reform from above,” from the immortal authorities of electrical engineering — but no such initiative could come from the top of a monolithic system.

It became clear that behind these dual concepts lay an entirely unknown physical phenomenon of great scientific and world-view importance, one that could be explored only by individual effort. Other neglected research directions hinted at it: energy-flow “amplification” effects in Fresnel rings and heat pumps, the odd behavior of single-wire energy transmission, and the concealed studies of Faraday’s unipolar generator — all precursors to fuel-free sources. The later developments by A. Sobolev and DC power transformers (STPT) finally broke the monistic paradigm of electromagnetic energy.

Questions also arose about electromagnetic interactions of living systems, the influence of power-line fields on humans and the Sun’s fields on the biosphere, and even the possibility of field-based life forms and extraterrestrial communication. All this pointed to a coming bifurcation of civilization and the need for a new scientific paradigm in energy and technology.

Part I — Theory of Energy Flows

Chapter 1 — The Motovilov Theorem

1.1 Revisiting the Poynting Theorem

The classical Umov–Poynting relation expresses the balance of electromagnetic-energy flow and, together with Maxwell’s equations, forms a core of classical electrodynamics:

$ \oint_S (\mathbf{E}\times\mathbf{H})\cdot d\mathbf{S} = \oint_S \mathbf{P}_\Sigma\cdot d\mathbf{S} = -W' - \int_V \lambda\,\mathbf{E}\cdot\mathbf{E}_\text{ext}\,dV + \int_V \lambda\,E^2\,dV $

where $\mathbf{P}_\Sigma$ is the Poynting vector of the total field $(\mathbf{E};\mathbf{H})$, $W'$ is the time-rate of field energy inside volume $V$, $\mathbf{E}_\text{ext}$ denotes an external (“non-Maxwellian”) electric field, and $\lambda$ is the medium’s conductivity.

Maxwell’s equations in the homogeneous, isotropic medium (constants $\lambda,\mu_a,\varepsilon_a$):

$ \nabla\times\mathbf{H}=\lambda\,\mathbf{E}+\varepsilon_a\,\frac{\partial\mathbf{E}}{\partial t},\quad \nabla\cdot\mathbf{H}=0 $

$ \nabla\times\mathbf{E}=-\mu_a\,\frac{\partial\mathbf{H}}{\partial t},\quad \nabla\cdot\mathbf{E}=-\rho/\varepsilon_a $

1.2 Toward a More General Energy Balance

Consider in $V$ a sum of $n$ independent Maxwell-type fields:

$ (\mathbf{E}_\Sigma;\mathbf{H}_\Sigma)=\Big(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\mathbf{E}_i,\ \sum_{j=1}^{n}\mathbf{H}_j\Big) $

Each pair $(\mathbf{E}_i,\mathbf{H}_i)$ satisfies Maxwell’s relations. When indices differ $(i\ne j)$, their superposed field is non-Maxwellian — a composite electromagnetic field (CEF). A practical example is a DC power transformer where a static magnetic field from a DC winding coexists with a vortex electric field from self-induction.

Total field energy:

$ w=\frac{\varepsilon_a}{2}\int_V E_\Sigma^{2}\,dV +\frac{\mu_a}{2}\int_V H_\Sigma^{2}\,dV =\frac{\varepsilon_a}{2}\int_V\Big(\sum_i\mathbf{E}_i\Big)^2 dV +\frac{\mu_a}{2}\int_V\Big(\sum_j\mathbf{H}_j\Big)^2 dV $

Time derivative:

$ w'=\varepsilon_a\int_V \Big(\sum_i \mathbf{E}_i\Big)\!\cdot\!\Big(\sum_j \dot{\mathbf{E}}_j\Big)\,dV +\mu_a\int_V \Big(\sum_i \mathbf{H}_i\Big)\!\cdot\!\Big(\sum_j \dot{\mathbf{H}}_j\Big)\,dV $

Using Maxwell’s equations:

$ w'=\int_V \sum_i \mathbf{E}_i\cdot\sum_j(\nabla\times\mathbf{H}_j-\lambda\mathbf{E}_j)\,dV -\int_V \sum_i \mathbf{H}_i\cdot\sum_j(\nabla\times\mathbf{E}_j)\,dV $

Regrouping gives one term that is the divergence of the sum of Poynting vectors of the Maxwellian fields $\mathbf{P}_{ii}$, plus a term that corresponds to composite fluxes $\mathbf{P}_{ij}$ with $i\ne j$. With Ohm’s law $\mathbf{j}_i=\lambda\mathbf{E}_i=\mathbf{E}_i/\rho$, we obtain:

$ \oint_S (\mathbf{E}_\Sigma\times\mathbf{H}_\Sigma)\cdot d\mathbf{S} =\sum_i\oint_S \mathbf{P}_{ii}\cdot d\mathbf{S} +\sum_{i\ne j}\oint_S \mathbf{P}_{ij}\cdot d\mathbf{S} =-w' -\sum_{i\ne j}\int_V \mathbf{E}_j\cdot\mathbf{j}_i\,dV -\sum_i \int_V \rho\,j_i^2\,dV $

Meaning. The total energy flux through $S$ equals the sum of Maxwellian and composite fluxes and is converted inside $V$ into: 1) field-energy change $w'$;
2) electrical energy drawn by external sources $u_j$ when currents $\mathbf{j}_i$ flow through them;
3) Joule heating $\int \rho\,j_i^2\,dV$.

All right-hand terms carry the same sign (divergence of the inflowing energy), avoiding the artificial insertion of an “external EMF” term.

1.3 Criterion of a Composite Field

To distinguish Maxwellian from composite components within $(\mathbf{E}_\Sigma;\mathbf{H}_\Sigma)$, Motovilov proposes the Composite-Field Criterion:

$ \frac{\partial H_i}{\partial E_j}\neq \frac{\varepsilon_a}{\mu_a}\, \frac{\nabla\times\mathbf{E}_j}{\lambda\,\mathbf{E}_j-\nabla\times\mathbf{H}_i} $

Operationally: vary $\mathbf{E}_j$ and observe the induced perturbation of $\mathbf{H}_i$. If the inequality holds, the observed component is composite (non-Maxwellian).

Chapter 2 — Modernization of Electrical-Engineering Laws

2.1 Motivation

The Motovilov Theorem (previous chapter) shows that even in linear, isotropic media, the classical expressions of Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s laws fail to describe energy flow accurately when composite electromagnetic fields are present — i.e., when magnetic and electric excitations arise from different, independent sources.

Classical electrical theory treats electromotive force (EMF) and current as belonging to a single Maxwellian field. However, in a real electromechanical converter, particularly in DC power transformers (STPT), part of the field is magnetic static and another part vortex electric; their combined behavior cannot be expressed through one EMF source. Hence, the traditional concept of “external EMF” becomes insufficient.

2.2 Toward a Unified Law of Induction

Faraday’s classical law of electromagnetic induction,

$ \oint_L \mathbf{E}\cdot d\mathbf{l} = -\,\frac{d\Phi}{dt}, $

is valid only when both fields belong to a single Maxwellian system.
In a composite field the induced voltage depends on both electric and magnetic flux variations that originate from different domains.
Therefore, Motovilov formulates a generalized law of induction of electromagnetic-energy flows:

$ \oint_L \mathbf{E}_i\cdot d\mathbf{l} =-\,\frac{d}{dt}\!\int_S \big(\mathbf{B}_i+\mathbf{B}_j\big)\cdot d\mathbf{S}, \quad i\ne j. $

Here $\mathbf{B}_i$ is the magnetic flux of the Maxwellian component, $\mathbf{B}_j$ that of the external or secondary excitation. The line integral of the electric field thus couples both parts, representing the total transformation of energy between the magnetic and electric domains.

2.3 Redefining Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s Laws

The classical Ohm’s law

$ \mathbf{j}=\lambda\,\mathbf{E} $

describes current density due to a single field.
For the composite case we introduce cross-coupling between independent sources:

$ \mathbf{j}_i=\lambda_{ii}\,\mathbf{E}_i+\lambda_{ij}\,\mathbf{E}_j, \quad i\ne j. $

The second term accounts for the additional current component arising from the non-Maxwellian influence of the second field.

Accordingly, the second Kirchhoff law, expressed in scalar form for a closed loop, becomes:

$ \sum_{k}\big(U_k+U_k^{\ast}\big)=0, $

where $U_k$ are Maxwellian voltage drops and $U_k^{\ast}$ are additional composite-field (CEF) voltages. This form reveals that in a network containing CEF interactions, the algebraic sum of potential differences cannot be strictly zero — an important correction that explains energy anomalies observed in resonant and feedback systems.

2.4 Interpretation of Power Balance

In the framework of the Motovilov Theorem, the instantaneous power associated with each branch of a composite system is

$ p_{ij}=\mathbf{E}_j\cdot\mathbf{j}_i, $

and the total energy exchange rate within volume $V$ is

$ P_\text{tot}=-\,\frac{dW}{dt} =\sum_{i\ne j}\int_V p_{ij}\,dV +\sum_i \int_V \rho\,j_i^2\,dV. $

The first term describes mutual energy conversion between fields $i$ and $j$; the second represents dissipative loss.
Classical power analysis retains only the latter, thus missing the bidirectional conversion term responsible for reversible electromagnetic coupling.

2.5 Physical Meaning and Consequences

Dual-source energy exchange
— Energy may flow between electric and magnetic domains even without closed conductive circuits.
Such transfers occur via the vector flux $(\mathbf{E}_i\times\mathbf{H}_j)$, i.e. through space coupling.
Revised concept of “external EMF”
— The term $\mathbf{E}_\text{ext}$ of classical theory corresponds here to a real field of independent origin rather than a fictitious source voltage.
Superposition of active and reactive energy
— The apparent power in a composite system contains additional cross-terms: $ S_\text{tot}=S_{ii}+S_{ij},\quad i\ne j, $ where $S_{ij}$ can have positive or negative sign, explaining experimentally observed negative active power.
Electrodynamic reciprocity
— Because $\mathbf{E}_j\cdot\mathbf{j}_i\neq\mathbf{E}_i\cdot\mathbf{j}_j$, reciprocal coupling of different field domains becomes asymmetric;
this asymmetry manifests as unidirectional energy drift in certain resonant structures.

2.6 The Generalized Energy Equation

Combining these principles gives the generalized energy equation for composite systems:

$ \nabla\!\cdot\!\mathbf{P}_\Sigma = -\,\frac{\partial w}{\partial t} - \sum_{i\ne j}\mathbf{E}_j\cdot\mathbf{j}_i - \sum_i \rho\,j_i^2. $

This form mirrors the continuity equation in hydrodynamics: the divergence of the energy flux equals the negative sum of its local sinks — field storage, cross-conversion, and resistive loss.

2.7 Summary of Chapter 2

Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s classical relations describe only self-consistent fields.
For composite electromagnetic fields, additional cross-terms appear in both current and voltage relations.
These cross-terms provide the mechanism for bidirectional, and sometimes negative, active power.
The modified equations form the foundation for fuel-free electrodynamic converters,
including Motovilov’s DC power transformers (STPT).

Chapter 3 — Energy Flows in Inductive Elements

3.1 Energy Exchange in Coils and Transformers

From the Motovilov theorem we know that electromagnetic energy can flow through free space between windings via the Poynting vector
$\mathbf{P}=\mathbf{E}\times\mathbf{H}$.
Even in the absence of a conducting link, energy transfer occurs through composite electromagnetic fields (CEF) — superpositions of electric and magnetic components produced by independent sources.

Consider a simple air-core transformer with two coils facing each other.
Each coil carries a current of different nature:

the primary produces a magnetic field from a steady or slowly varying current;
the secondary experiences an induced electric field from self-induction and mutual coupling.

The space between the coils is therefore filled not by a single Maxwellian field but by their composition:

$ \mathbf{E}_\Sigma = \mathbf{E}_1+\mathbf{E}_2,\qquad \mathbf{H}_\Sigma = \mathbf{H}_1+\mathbf{H}_2. $

The energy density in the inter-coil region:

$ w = \tfrac{1}{2}\varepsilon_a E_\Sigma^{2} + \tfrac{1}{2}\mu_a H_\Sigma^{2}. $

Because $\mathbf{E}_1$ and $\mathbf{H}_2$ originate from different sources,
their cross-product $\mathbf{E}_1\times\mathbf{H}_2$ represents a real power flux even when the net magnetic flux through the coils is zero.
Hence energy can be exchanged through space without metallic conduction.

3.2 Principal Conclusions for Air-Core Systems

Energy between the coils of an air transformer is transferred by radiation of the composite electromagnetic field (CEF) created by the superposition of the vortex electric field of magnetization current and the magnetic field of load current.
Transformation of energy is a multiphase process, based on continuous conversion between generator and load forms of the electric and magnetic fields.
The usual “electromagnetic induction” appears as a special case of a more general law of excitation of electric and electromagnetic fields by their dual physical counterparts.
Inside inductively coupled conductors there coexist two physically different dual forms of field matter:
CEF with potential electric field (EMF and ETS);
CEF with vortex electric field.
Their interaction yields the observed energy exchange.

3.3 Transformers with Magnetic Cores

Introducing a magnetic core greatly increases the flux of electromagnetic energy between coils.
According to the Motovilov theorem, using a magnetic medium is more efficient than simply increasing winding turns, because it amplifies the magnetic component of the composite field by the permeability $\mu$.

For the same reactive current in the primary, the magnetic flux and the corresponding Poynting-vector magnitude become

$ P_\mu = \mu\,P_\text{air}. $

Thus the same transmitted energy can be achieved with a much smaller current or fewer turns — leading to lighter windings and higher efficiency.

Reduced leakage flux also minimizes classical (irreversible) Maxwellian radiation and external electromagnetic interference, since a larger fraction of the total energy circulates inside the controlled composite field of the magnetic circuit.

3.4 Field Geometry and Boundary Effects

Let us consider a U- or E-shaped core with identical windings on opposite limbs.
Near the interface between air and magnetic material, the field lines of $\mathbf{H}$ curve sharply and become nearly orthogonal to the surface. This occurs because the tangential component of the magnetic field is cancelled by dipole alignment within the core material.

Motovilov notes that this previously neglected property of magnetic boundaries reveals new effects of refraction, reflection, and sliding of energy flux at the interface — phenomena absent in classical electrodynamics.

At the boundary, the tangential components of $\mathbf{H}$ cancel, and therefore the Poynting vector of the composite field $\mathbf{P}=\mathbf{E}\times\mathbf{H}$ has no normal component; the energy stream slides along the surface of the magnetic medium rather than penetrating it deeply when permeability $\mu$ is high.

The flux of composite electromagnetic energy (CEF) thus envelops the core, transferring energy from one coil to another while remaining mostly outside the magnetic material.

Fig. 9 – Composite electromagnetic field interaction in magnetic-core transformers.

Fig. 9 – Composite electromagnetic field interaction in magnetic-core transformers (energy flows $ \mathbf{E}_\mu $, $ \Phi_{S1C} $, $ \Phi_{S2C} $).

3.5 New Physical Effects

$Fig. 10 – Energy-flow refraction and reflection inside magnetic boundaries.$

Fig. 10 – Energy-flow refraction and reflection inside the magnetic boundary; composite-field trajectories between windings 1 and 2.

From this analysis Motovilov derived several fundamental results:

Energy is transferred between electrical circuits through free space in the form of CEF radiation,
even in apparently “static” DC configurations.
At boundaries with magnetic circuits, CEF energy fluxes exhibit refraction, reflection, and joining effects —
termed by the author the “Imyarek Effects”.
The ratio between the deflected and penetrating parts of the energy flux is characterized by a reflection coefficient

$ K_e = \frac{P_o}{P_p}, $

where $P_o$ is the reflected and $P_p$ the incident portion of the energy flux.
4. Analogous properties appear at electrical boundaries as well, meaning that the same laws govern energy-flow reflection at interfaces of conductivity or permittivity discontinuity.
5. The behavior of CEF flows closely resembles hydrodynamic motion — giving rise to a new branch of knowledge which Motovilov names
“Energo-hydrodynamics.”

3.6 Implications for Design and Efficiency

Magnetic materials are used not merely to guide magnetic flux but to form a controlled interface for composite energy-flow refraction.
Reducing the number of turns while increasing permeability yields substantial mass and volume reduction without power loss.
Leakage and stray-field losses decrease because the dominant portion of energy remains within the near-surface sliding flux.
Understanding these mechanisms clarifies why certain experimental transformers display negative active power or apparent over-unity efficiency — effects that stem from cross-field energy return, not from measurement error.

3.7 Transition to DC Power Transformers (STPT)

The preceding analysis of inductive elements lays the foundation for the design of power transformers operating with DC currents.
In such devices, the primary winding carries a steady current producing a static magnetic field, while the secondary winding is periodically switched or modulated, producing a varying electric field. Energy transfer occurs through the composite field without alternating the main current — the essential principle of the STPT class of converters.

Chapter 4 — Energy Flows in Fuel-Free Generators

4.1 Historical Background

Since the dawn of practical electrical engineering — the 1876 lighting of the Louvre by P. N. Yablochkov’s arc system — researchers have dreamt of transformers operating on DC.
The idea seemed paradoxical: how could one induce energy exchange without time-varying flux?

Attempts by many, including academician P. L. Kapitsa, failed under the classical assumption that a stationary magnetic field cannot transfer energy.
Later, in the 1980s, Motovilov’s work on composite electromagnetic fields (CEF) resolved this contradiction by introducing space-coupled energy transfer between independent electric and magnetic domains.

4.2 From Transformers to Converters

In a Static DC Power Transformer (STPT), the energy-exchange process involves three currents:

$ i_1 $ — the DC current of the power winding (creates the main magnetic field);
$ i_\mu $ — the magnetizing current, determining the energy-flow reversal frequency;
$ i_2 $ — the load or modulation current, producing a varying electric field.

Although $ i_1 $ and $ i_2 $ may be constant in magnitude, their superposition through the composite field results in an alternating power flux between windings.

The direction of this flux $\mathbf{P}=\mathbf{E}\times\mathbf{H}$ reverses at the rate defined by $i_\mu$. Thus, while the electrical quantities on the terminals are unipolar (DC), the energy exchange in space is oscillatory.

4.3 Principle of Operation

For simplicity, consider a magnetic-core model with two identical coils on opposite limbs.
Primary winding carries DC; the secondary circuit is periodically switched to produce pulses of varying electric field.
According to the Motovilov theorem, the instantaneous energy flux through the inter-coil region is

$ \mathbf{P}(t) = \mathbf{E}(t) \times \mathbf{H}(t). $

When the sign of the magnetizing component $i_\mu$ changes, the direction of $\mathbf{P}$ also changes. Hence the two windings alternately act as emitter and receiver — a self-reversible energy-flow system.

Fig. 11 – 3-D representation of voltage, frequency, and power domains.

Fig. 11 – 3-D representation of voltage (U), frequency (f), and power (P) domains of composite-field energy exchange.

Unlike an AC transformer, the STPT does not rely on global magnetic-flux variation through both coils; its energy transfer occurs via the local superposition of independent fields. This process resembles standing-wave exchange or pulsed coupling in optics.

4.4 Analytical Representation

The instantaneous power density within the inter-winding space is

$ p(t) = (\mathbf{E}_1+\mathbf{E}_2)\cdot(\mathbf{j}_1+\mathbf{j}_2) = \mathbf{E}_1\cdot\mathbf{j}_2 + \mathbf{E}_2\cdot\mathbf{j}_1 + \mathbf{E}_1\cdot\mathbf{j}_1 + \mathbf{E}_2\cdot\mathbf{j}_2. $

The cross-terms $\mathbf{E}_1\cdot\mathbf{j}_2$ and $\mathbf{E}_2\cdot\mathbf{j}_1$ represent the mutual conversion of energy between the generator and the load via composite fields. Averaged over time, these may assume positive or negative values depending on phase relationships, explaining measured cases of “negative active power” in experimental systems.

Fig. 12 – Waveforms of voltages and currents during magnetizing pulses.

Fig. 12 – Waveforms of voltages $u_1,u_2$ and currents $i_1,i_2$ during magnetizing-current pulses $i_\mu$; illustrating composite-field timing.

The total active power transferred through space is then

$ P = \int_V (\mathbf{E}_1\cdot\mathbf{j}_2+\mathbf{E}_2\cdot\mathbf{j}_1)\,dV. $

4.5 Comparison with Classical Transformers

Feature	Classical AC Transformer	STPT (Fuel-Free Converter)
Excitation	Alternating voltage or current	Unipolar (DC) current + pulsed control
Field type	Single Maxwellian	Composite (dual sources)
Energy transfer	via time-varying flux	via space superposition of E,H fields
Flux direction	sinusoidal (bidirectional)	static magnetic + oscillating electric
Power flow	continuous, one-way	reversible, self-oscillating
Losses	mainly resistive & hysteresis	minimized; cross-field coupling dominant

In the CEF model the notion of “induction” extends beyond temporal variation —
energy flows through structural asymmetry of the fields themselves.

Fig. 13 – Time-domain representation of alternating composite-field power.

Fig. 13 – Time-domain representation of alternating composite-field power components $ \Pi_{1-2} $ and $ \Pi_{2-1} $.

4.6 Practical Realizations and Phenomena

Laboratory prototypes demonstrated that a properly tuned STPT can:

maintain a steady DC current in its primary while delivering alternating or pulsed energy to the secondary;
display apparent efficiencies exceeding unity under conventional measurement,
because part of the returning energy is reactive (stored in the composite field) and not counted as input;
sustain self-oscillations when feedback is applied to the modulation winding, leading to autonomous generation.

Fig. 14 – Model of a fuel-free electric generator.

Fig. 14 – Model of the fuel-free electric generator (BEG): fluxes $ \Phi_{s1}, \Phi_{s2}, \Phi_{M\!-\!TM} $ and voltage–current relationships of composite circuits.

These observations underpin the development of fuel-free electrical generators based on controlled composite fields.

4.7 Concept of Fuel-Free Generation

The energy source of such devices is not chemical or nuclear fuel, but the ambient field continuum — the ever-present information-energy ocean of space. When the electric and magnetic domains are properly synchronized, their interaction yields a steady energy flux extracted from the surrounding medium.

In symbolic form:

$ \Phi_E \leftrightarrow \Phi_H \quad \Rightarrow \quad P_\text{space}\neq 0. $

Fig. 15 – Fuel-free generator with controlled current and electric-field intensity.

Fig. 15 – Fuel-free generator with controlled current and electric-field intensity; schematic of magnetic (MP), electric (TM), and limiting-circuit interaction.

This concept does not violate energy conservation: it extends it to include exchange with the environment, analogous to resonance in open oscillatory systems.

4.8 Design Guidelines and Scaling Laws

Frequency of modulation $f_\mu$ defines the rate of energy-flow reversal.
Efficient coupling occurs when $f_\mu$ matches the structural resonance of the magnetic circuit.
Core geometry must support smooth field refraction and minimal leakage —
sharp corners or air gaps reduce the coherence of the composite field.
Control circuits may use semiconductor or commutator switching to shape the pulsed electric component.
The power required for control is small compared with the energy exchanged via the field.
Scaling: output power $P_\text{out}\propto \mu\,B^2\,S$,
where $B$ is the core flux density and $S$ the cross-sectional area of the active energy-flow region.

4.9 Philosophical Interpretation

Motovilov stresses that the true importance of the theory lies not in “free energy” rhetoric, but in recognizing that energy exchange is a property of structured space. The composite electromagnetic field serves as a visible bridge between matter and the information field of the universe. In this view, technological systems become participants in the global circulation of energy and information.

4.10 Summary of Part I

The Motovilov Theorem generalizes Poynting’s relation to multiple, independent field sources.
Energy can propagate through space even under steady currents, via composite electromagnetic fields (CEF).
These principles redefine the foundations of electrical engineering, allowing DC power transformers and fuel-free generators.
The next sections of the book extend these ideas to technogenetics, diversification of paradigms, and cosmic energetics.

Part II — The Technogenetic Foundations

Chapter 5 — The Technogenetic Law of System Development

5.1 Introduction

Every living or artificial system evolves under general laws of technogenesis — the birth, growth, and perfection of organized energy structures.
In 1971 the author formulated the Technogenetic Law of System Development, later confirmed in a broad range of electrical, biological, and social systems.
It can be expressed symbolically as:

$ \frac{dQ}{dt}=f(Q,t,\Phi) $

where $Q$ is the generalized system quality, and $\Phi$ represents the surrounding energy–information field.
The law states that every system strives toward the optimal ratio of energy consumption to information complexity.

5.2 The Principle of Structural Resonance

When an evolving system reaches a state where its internal field oscillations match the parameters of the environment,
an effect of structural resonance occurs.
At that moment, the system begins to exchange energy with the environment without losses, analogous to resonant coupling in electrodynamics.

In human-made technical systems this condition corresponds to
$ P_\text{in}=P_\text{out}+P_\text{env}, $ where $P_\text{env}$ represents the reversible component of power exchanged with the environment.

5.3 Energy–Information Continuum

The Universe is viewed as a continuous information–energy medium, where matter, fields, and biological forms are merely localized configurations.
The same duality manifests in all scales:

Domain	Primary carrier	Secondary manifestation
Physical	Electromagnetic field	Matter and motion
Biological	Biofield oscillations	Cellular metabolism
Technogenic	Electric / magnetic structures	Machines and circuits
Social	Information field	Cultural energy exchange

Thus, energy transformation is inseparable from information transformation.
Electrical engineering becomes a particular case of the universal energy–information dynamics of technogenesis.

5.4 Mathematical Expression of the Law

For a self-developing system the evolution of its quality $Q$ may be described as:

$ \frac{dQ}{dt} = k_1 \Phi - k_2 Q, $

where: - $k_1$ characterizes information absorption from the environment,
- $k_2$ expresses dissipation or entropy growth.

The steady-state (resonant) condition:

$ Q_\text{opt} = \frac{k_1}{k_2}\,\Phi. $

In energy form, this implies that systems naturally adjust themselves to maximize
$\frac{P_\text{useful}}{P_\text{total}}$ —
a tendency observed in both biological adaptation and in efficient energy converters such as DC power transformers.

5.5 Application to Electrical Engineering

Applying the technogenetic law to electrotechnics yields the rule:

$ \frac{dP}{dt}=f(\Phi_E,\Phi_H,\Psi), $

where $\Phi_E$ and $\Phi_H$ are the electric and magnetic fluxes, and $\Psi$ is the information potential of the control system. When synchronization between these components is achieved, the converter reaches self-organization and minimal entropy production.

In practice, this is realized in devices where the geometry of the magnetic system and timing of pulse control create a stable composite field with minimal reactive losses.

5.6 The Technogenetic Criterion

An empirical criterion of development is defined as:

$ \eta_t = \frac{P_\text{out}}{P_\text{in}+P_\text{env}}, $

where $P_\text{env}$ represents the reversible energy exchange with the environment.
For classical closed systems, $P_\text{env}=0$ and $\eta_t\le1$.
For open technogenetic systems, $\eta_t>1$ is achievable because a part of the energy originates from the ambient field.

5.7 Connection with the Motovilov Theorem

The Motovilov Theorem describes instantaneous energy balance in electromagnetic systems;
the Technogenetic Law extends that relation in time, describing how such systems evolve toward resonance with the environment.
In symbols:

$ \nabla\!\cdot\!\mathbf{P}_\Sigma = -\frac{\partial w}{\partial t} - \sum_i P_i \quad\Rightarrow\quad \frac{dw}{dt} = f(w,t,\Phi_\text{env}). $

Thus, the local energy balance of fields is a particular manifestation of the universal law of system evolution.

5.8 Consequences and Outlook

The classical boundary between physics, biology, and sociology becomes artificial.
All are governed by the same technogenetic principle.
The discovery of composite electromagnetic fields and of DC transformers
proves that even technical systems can achieve resonance with the ambient information–energy continuum.
Mastering this synchronization opens the way to environmentally neutral energy —
power generation without consumption of matter.

5.9 Summary of Chapter 5

The Technogenetic Law describes the self-development of energy–information systems.
Structural resonance provides loss-free energy exchange with the environment.
The same law underlies both biological adaptation and technical innovation.
It unites the Motovilov electromagnetic theory with the wider paradigm of universal energetics.

Chapter 6 — Practical Implementation and Patent Reports

6.1 Transition from Theory to Practice

By 1985–1989 the principles of composite electromagnetic fields had been verified experimentally.
Prototype devices were built under the working title STPT — Static Transformer of Power Transfer.
These systems successfully transmitted electrical energy through static magnetic fields without the use of alternating current.

Key laboratory aims:

confirm the energy-flow exchange predicted by the Motovilov theorem,
verify conversion efficiency under DC conditions,
prepare patent protection for industrial development.

6.2 Patent Background

In 1988–1989 the author registered a set of USSR patent applications under the category
“Electrical Machines and Transformers operating under steady currents.”
Among them:

Patent No.	Title (translated)	Year	Note
SU 1573980 A1	DC Power Transformer	1989	describes STPT principle
SU 1737617 A1	Method of Electromagnetic Energy Transfer	1990	composite-field coupling
SU 1753920 A1	Device for Conversion of Constant Voltage	1991	self-oscillating configuration

All were based on the same fundamental concept:
energy transfer via the composite field of two independent electromagnetic sources.

6.3 Factory Testing

Official tests were conducted at the All-Union Electrotechnical Institute (VEI, Moscow) and later at the Penza Instrument-Making Plant. Measured results confirmed:

Transfer of measurable active power through a static magnetic field;
Possibility of reversing energy flow without mechanical commutation;
Efficiency comparable to or exceeding conventional AC transformers at equivalent flux densities.

The core assembly used laminated transformer steel with dual coils wound on separate limbs.
Primary current: $I_1 = 2.5\ \text{A DC}$; secondary current under modulation: $I_2 = 0.8\ \text{A avg}$;
voltage ratio about 1:1.
Observed power transfer exceeded the input of the modulation circuit, demonstrating field-driven coupling.

6.4 Interpretation of Experimental Results

According to the Motovilov theorem, the transmitted power

$ P = \int_V (\mathbf{E}_1\cdot\mathbf{j}_2+\mathbf{E}_2\cdot\mathbf{j}_1)\,dV $

may remain non-zero even if $\frac{d\Phi}{dt}=0$.
This was exactly what experiments revealed:
energy exchange occurred at constant magnetic flux, refuting the long-held assumption that “induction requires flux variation.”

Apparent “over-unity” efficiencies were recorded because part of the energy returned from the composite field was not included in classical power-input accounting.
Once reversible energy components were recognized, the balance matched the extended conservation law.

6.5 Practical Device Structure

The typical STPT prototype consisted of:

Magnetic system: closed ferrite or laminated core forming two energy channels.
Primary winding: DC excitation, typically 24 V – 50 V / 2 A.
Secondary winding: load circuit with pulsed switching (semiconductor or relay).
Control circuit: low-power pulse generator driving the secondary switch.
Measurement block: true-RMS and phase instrumentation to record power flow direction.

Operation sequence:

Establish a static magnetic field by DC excitation.
Apply short voltage pulses to the secondary, producing a local vortex electric field.
Observe a momentary reversal of the composite Poynting vector $\mathbf{E}\times\mathbf{H}$ between coils.
Integrate instantaneous power to obtain active and reactive components.

6.6 Industrial Implementation Plan

Motovilov prepared a business plan for series production of STPT units rated from 0.5 kW to 10 kW.
The proposed applications:

autonomous power sources for communication systems,
high-efficiency DC–DC converters,
laboratory demonstrators for universities,
environmental energy-exchange research modules.

Projected efficiency exceeded 98 % at nominal load with negligible EMI.
Manufacturing cost was estimated 30 – 40 % lower than comparable inverter systems.

Economic justification relied on three factors:

$ C_t = C_m + C_w + C_c, $

where
$C_m$ — material cost,
$C_w$ — winding labor,
$C_c$ — control electronics.
For STPT, $C_w$ and $C_c$ are both reduced due to simpler structure.

6.7 Official Recognition

In 1996 the Geneva International Inventions Exhibition awarded the author a Silver Medal for the “Cycle of Works on Electrophysics and DC Transformers.” The VEI enterprise, presenting complementary materials, received a Bronze Medal.

The scientific committee highlighted:

“The concept of composite electromagnetic fields opens new possibilities for electromechanical energy conversion and environmental energetics.”

6.8 Subsequent Development

After 2000, STPT prototypes were demonstrated at various universities and private laboratories.
Modern components (MOSFET switches, ferrite materials, digital control) allow reproducible operation in the frequency range 1 – 50 kHz.

Measurements confirmed stability of the composite-field coupling effect and revealed regimes where active-power direction reverses periodically —
the dynamic signature of fuel-free energy exchange.

6.9 Summary of Chapter 6

Experimental and patent documentation validate the theoretical predictions of composite-field energy transfer.
Energy can be transmitted under DC excitation through spatial coupling of independent fields.
STPT prototypes achieved high efficiency and bidirectional power flow.
Industrial implementation is feasible with standard materials and control electronics.
These results form the practical foundation for fuel-free electrical generation.

Chapter 7 — General Reflections and Socio-Technogenic Outlook

7.1 The Human Role in the Energy–Information Universe

Every act of creation — biological, technical, or intellectual — is an exchange of energy and information between the individual field of consciousness and the universal field that permeates all space. The discovery of composite electromagnetic fields (CEF) demonstrates physically what philosophers have intuited for centuries: that interaction between local and global fields is both energetic and informational.

Man, as a carrier of a complex field structure, is both observer and participant in the ongoing transformation of energy in the Universe. Therefore the ethical dimension of technology becomes inseparable from its physical one.

7.2 The Era of Technogenics

Modern civilization has reached the limits of development under the energetic paradigm of consumption.
The further path lies through transition to the paradigm of resonance, where systems draw power not from destruction of matter but from structural synchronization with the environment.

Motovilov calls this future phase the Era of Technogenics — a synthesis of science, ethics, and art of energy control.

Fundamental postulates:

Every technogenic system is an organism of the global field.
Efficiency is determined not only by material parameters but by the harmony of field structures.
Sustainable development requires informational feedback between human, nature, and technology.

7.3 Re-Evaluation of “Energy Crisis”

According to the new electrodynamics, the Universe is not an empty vacuum but a continuum of power flux.
Thus, the so-called “energy crisis” is a crisis of perception and organization, not of resources.

As soon as technology learns to form coherent composite fields, energy supply becomes a problem of geometry and synchronization, not of fuel.

“The fuel crisis will end when humanity realizes that the real fuel is harmony.”
— D. N. Motovilov

7.4 Ethical Foundations of the New Energetics

A new technology demands a new ethics.
Motovilov warns that fuel-free energy, if applied without responsibility, could amplify both creative and destructive potentials.

Therefore, future energetics must rest on the following principles:

Beneficence: technologies serve life and consciousness.
Transparency: scientific openness prevents monopolization.
Co-creation: energy systems should adapt to human and environmental balance.
Non-violence: avoid fields and processes harmful to living organisms.

Only under these conditions can the technogenic civilization remain stable and evolutionary.

7.5 The Information-Energy Circuit of Civilization

In the technogenetic view, civilization itself behaves like a giant transformer, where human thought and labor play the role of modulation current.

Let $\Phi_H$ denote the magnetic (material) component of civilization and $\Phi_E$ its electric (spiritual-informational) component. When their phase difference approaches zero, the power factor of civilization tends to unity — maximum constructive output with minimum conflict.

$ \cos\varphi_\text{civilization} = \frac{P_\text{creative}}{S_\text{total}} \rightarrow 1. $

This poetic analogy conveys the ultimate goal of technogenics:
to reach resonant cooperation among all levels of existence.

7.6 The Future of Energy Engineering

Practical continuation of this work includes:

further development of DC transformers and resonant converters,
implementation of pulsed composite-field generators for laboratory use,
creation of educational modules for universities teaching the energy–information paradigm,
development of environmentally neutral power systems for autonomous habitats.

The author envisions small, self-contained generators supplying homes and vehicles, freeing humanity from dependence on centralized fuel infrastructures.

7.7 Appeal to the Reader

“Do not expect that the new knowledge will be given to you by authorities or institutions.
The great discovery will happen within your own perception,
when you begin to sense the living current of energy in every form around you.”

“The world is not a machine but a flow of meaning,
and electricity is the breath of that meaning made visible.”

7.8 Epilogue

The completion of this book — and of the first stage of the author’s lifelong research —
marks not an end but a beginning.
The field experiments and theoretical models of composite electromagnetism open the way to a new epoch of fuel-free energetics.

Motovilov concludes:

“Nature awaits only our readiness to cooperate with Her laws.
When we cease to fight for energy and begin to dance with it,
civilization will enter its true golden age.”

Appendix — References and Notes

Motovilov D. N., Theory of DC Power Transformers, V.E.I. Reports, Moscow 1989.
URSI Symposium Proceedings, Tokyo 1989, paper by D. N. Motovilov under Prof. H. Kikuchi.
Patent SU 1573980 A1 — DC Power Transformer.
Patent SU 1737617 A1 — Method of Electromagnetic Energy Transfer.
Patent SU 1753920 A1 — Device for Conversion of Constant Voltage.
Geneva International Invention Exhibition, Silver Medal 1996.
Author’s notes and private communications, Penza 2001–2002.

Final Statement

This work is dedicated to all those who seek energy in harmony,
who understand that true power lies not in fuel,
but in the unity of thought and field.

(End of Chapter 7 and of the complete translation of
D. N. Motovilov — “The New Electrophysics and DC Power Transformers.”)

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